During the niger delta crisis, the children and adolescents were victims of psychological and social deprivation. The niger delta child and the future of national integration in nigeria. History of the nigerian petroleum industry oil was discovered in nigeria in 1956 at oloibiri in the niger delta after half a century of exploration. Abstract this paper attempts to look at the niger delta crisis from a sociopoliticoecological perspective. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. In nigeria, africa and the global society at large, it is not a new phenomenon. Nigeria joined the ranks of oil producers in 1958 when its first oil field came on stream producing 5,100 bpd. Niger delta history pdf the oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis. A cohort of 20 exmilitants from the urhobo speaking tribe within the nigerdelta region of nigeria that were enrolled in the amnesty program was used for this study. The research instrument was a self designed questionnaire named causes of conflict questionnaire.
Pdf causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of. Niger delta crisis in nigeria, root causes of peacelessness in the region niger delta crisis in nigeria, root causes of peacelessness in the region abstractthe oil rich niger delta region of nigeria has been embroiled in crisis between the government forces and some militants elements that are aggrieved over certain fundamental issues affecting the region which has lead to peacelessness. Checkmating the resurgence of youth militancy in the niger. Abia, akwaibom, bayelsa, cross river, delta, edo, imo, ondo and rivers. Composed of the nigerian army, air force, the police mopol and state security service and deployed in the niger delta region in august 2003, it was tasked. The ecological crisis in the delta is coupled with a deepening politicaleconomic crisis. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta region. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. An assessment of the niger delta crisis and nigerias. The findings of the study the prevailing situation in the niger delta region of nigeria and in zimbabwe, which has. In their view, the recent conflicts in the delta mark a watershed. While at times ambiguous and incoherent, president yaraduas efforts in the delta included the creation of the niger delta technical committee in 2008, the establishment of the ministry of niger delta affairs in 2008, and a scheme to organize militants into a private company charged with guarding oil facilities. The production level increased to 20,000 barrels pd before independence in 1960. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as.
Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. How to solve the niger delta problem sahara reporters. Introduction a crisis is a change either sudden or evolving that results in an urgent problem that must be addressed immediately harvard business essential.
Despite the boko haram insurgency in the north east, nigeria must fulfil its promises of support for the southern deltas economic development, social justice, and environmental regeneration. Oil exploration and current state of the niger delta niger delta is made up of nine states namely. The oil producing states in nigeria all in the niger delta account for 90% of oil revenues yet they receive only 19% of the statutory revenues from the federal government derived form petroleum sales. As they properly say, the recent oil crisis highlights more profound national challenges that are now facing the reelected president obasanjo and his government. The niger delta is an unstable area of nigeria, and interethnic clashes are common often access to oil revenue is the trigger for the violence. This study was designed to investigate the effects of the niger delta oil crisis. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria. This causes them to undervalue the potential costs of ongoing violence, as well as the importance of a peaceful niger delta to nigerias economic. Which ever way you look at it, the root cause of the whole niger delta crisis is injustice. The data analysis technique utilized in this study is content analysis of data. Nigerias niger delta by esther cesarz, steve morrison and jennifer cooke is of signal importance.
Pdf niger delta crisis and amnesty programme implementation. Towards ending conflict and insecurity in the niger delta. Consequently, the region has become a place of frustrated expectations and a hot bed for violence ogege, 2011. The effects of the niger delta oil c risis on women f olks celestina ihayere 1, doris fovwe ogeleka 2 and theresa ifeyinwa ataine 3 1 department of en vironmental science, western delta uni. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. Recently, the niger delta crisis that has been simmering for years assumed a dangerous dimension. Niger delta, oil production, conflict, oil crisis, crisis management. Niger delta crisis no doubt has implications for nigeria. The study found that the federal government of nigeria failed to address the root causes of conflict and political violence in the niger. Oil, children and adolescents in the contemporary niger delta.
Niger delta crisis and amnesty programme implementation in nigeria. Sep 30, 2016 nigerians daily loss to activities of militants in the niger delta may soon ground the nations economy if government continues to trade blame over the issue, a council member of the nigerian. Crisis in the niger delta 5 the most pressing development needs are for better roads, water transport, power, and telecommunications. Pdf the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks. Pdf oil and gas have been described as the mainstay of the nigerian.
The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the. The niger delta region is widely known for its rich oil and gas reserves which contribute enormously to the economic prosperity of the nigerian nation. The research instrument was a self designed questionnaire named a. Pdf the niger delta since inception of oil exploration in 1956 has been witnessing series of. The militia groups blew up some oil flow stations, abducted some foreign workers and disrupted oil business in the area. If significant progress could be made on these fronts, much of the sense of injustice and marginalization on the part of the delta population would be assuaged. The conflict in the niger delta region and national interest segun ogungbemi 11. Sep 11, 2010 how to solve the niger delta problem nigeria has been courting danger for the last 3050 years. The conspiracies of the old colonial masters, in tandem with the. About half of the oil goes to the us, where it accounts for about 10 per cent of total crude imports. Implications on nigerias domestic economic output akinbobola, t. Like most nations, weve had our civil war, and weve survived it.
Fuelling the niger delta crisis crisis group africa report n118, 28 september 2006 page iii federal and state governments and niger delta parties, based on the proposal already accepted in principle by several delta activist and militant groups. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include. Causes of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state article pdf available. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between foreign oil corporations and a number of the niger deltas minority ethnic groups who feel they are being exploited, particularly the ogoni and the ijaw. Crack in militants camp widens reformed egbesu boys suspends hostilities disagrees with avengers, jndlf on kanu, dasuki warns tompolo, ateke tom, boyloaf to stay off. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace. The niger delta is the center of oil and gas production in nigeria, accounting for about 80% of total government revenue, 95% of foreign exchange and over 80% of national wealth tell, february 18, 2008. The niger delta is home to about 140 different ethnic groups in the nine states included in a broader definition of the region. The niger delta development commission nddc was established in 2000 by president olusegun obasanjo with the sole mandate of developing the petroleumrich niger delta region of southern nigeria. Nigerdelta, crisis, external relations and assessment 1.
Although the niger delta has a long history of violence, the situation has gone from. Niger delta militants withdraws october 1 quit notice it had issued to hausa and yoruba to leave the oil rich region. Pdf poverty, oil exploration and niger delta crisis. The niger delta crisis is a serious matter that requires serious policy and committed and courageous leadership to resolve.
Admittedly, it could take several years or even decades to make significant. Niger delta crisis, amnesty implementationpostamnesty situation, oil multi. National network coordinator, wanepnigeria, 3, soji adepegba close, off allen. One of the most glaring paradoxes of the petrostate in the nigerdelta is what ibeanu 2005 has termed the paradox of plenty, which refers to the tendency for petroleum wealth to create enormous poverty within the nigerdelta. Its focus on the niger delta and its festering crisis stems from that regions critical importance to nigeria. Pdf on jan 31, 2014, ihayere celestina and others published the effects of the niger delta oil crisis on women folks find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. It examines the often hazy overlap between the militant niger delta cause and criminal and political motives, and identifies the steps required to defuse the conflict. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to and beyond the. International journal of humanities and social science, 3 8, pp. Also, the bulk of nigerias biodiversity and some of her.
Since its inauguration, the nddc has focused on the development of social and physical infrastructures, ecologicalenvironmental remediation and human. A region so rich in resources yet so poor, a major contributor to the development of the nigerian state yet itself underdeveloped, a region classified as the worlds largest wetland, yet lacks potable. The current conflict in the niger delta first arose in the early 1990s over tensions between. The niger delta has been complaining about environmental damage from oil exploration and rising. Therefore the focus of this study was to determine the cause of conflicts in the niger delta region of nigeria as expressed by the youth in delta state. Exploring womens participation in peace processes authors. Increasing the effectiveness of security forces through information operations online download pdf military dimension of the niger delta crisis. The discovery was made by shellbp, at the time the sole concessionaire. Solution to niger delta crisis crucial to nations economy. Introduction crisis is a feature of every society and this exist in multiple forms and dimensions across the globe ajodo, 2011.
Introduction oil exploitation in the niger delta region of nigeria began in 1956 at a production level of 5,100 barrels per day pd and was first exported to europe. An assessment of nigerdelta crisis on nigerias external relations from 19922008. The spokesman for the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend, the most. The political ecology of the niger delta crisis and the prospects of lasting peace in the post amnesty period by okoli, al chukwuma. As the nations treasure base, the niger delta provides over 80 percent of government revenues, 95 percent of export receipts, and 90 percent of foreign exchange earnings. Chukwuemeka eze, bridget osakwe, bukola akosile, evelyn mere editorquality assurance.
The niger delta is rich in resources, but poverty, unemployment and pollution could reignite a rebellion that ended in 2009. The niger delta has a long history of militant activity dating back to. Real issues in the niger delta crisis vanguard news. Summary when a civilian government was reinstated in nigeria in 1999, many of those living in the niger delta region. The oil industry in the niger delta is dominated by multinational corporations such as chevron.
The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta has threatened some rocket attacks. Takwa zebulon suifon and ifeanyi okechukwu address enquiries to. Ethnic and political unrest continued throughout the 1990s despite the return to democracy clarification needed and the election of the obasanjo. This was used to gather data from four hundred respondents randomly selected from four 4 local government areas of delta state. Communication under the united nations framework convention on climate change pdf. The causes, effects and potential solutions to the deep. In the niger delta, violence has been the bane of the region where conflicts have. The victims of these kidnap incidents moved from men to include women as mothers, wives and very young.
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